Solana

Solana needs a list of accounts that will be accessed by a transaction. Solana uses an account-based model, where accounts hold the state of the network and transactions modify this state. Accounts in Solana can be thought of as similar to smart contract accounts in other blockchain platforms.

Delaring State

Regarding how other projects doing shceudling refer here

Solana Utilizes a form of pessimistic concurrency control. Transactions declare which accounts they will access before execution. When a transaction wants to modify a shared resource (account), it must first lock it. Only one transaction can lock an account as "Writable".

Solana allows account-level parallel processing. However, when multiple transactions contend for the same account, the advantage is compromised. So, in reality, Solana’s locking granularity is just too coarse for popular applications attracting a lot of user interactions.