Technical Whitepaper
  • Welcome to Arcology Technical Whitepaper
  • 1. Introduction
    • 1.1. Attempted Solutions
    • 1.2. What is Arcology?
    • 1.3. Key Features
    • 1.4. Applications
  • 2. Existing Design Flaws
    • 2.1. Transaction Processing
    • 2.2. Communication
    • 2.3. Consensus
    • 2.4. Storage
    • 2.5. VM Incompatibility
  • 3. Solution Overview
    • 3.1. Distributed Computing
    • 3.2. Deterministic Concurrency
    • 3.3. Tiered Storage
    • 3.4. Consensus
    • 3.5. Intelligent Network Communication
  • 4. Arcology Architecture
    • 4.1. Microservice
    • 4.2. Intra-node Horizontal Scaling
  • 5. Network Communication
    • 5.1. Multi-channel
    • 5.2. Self-adaptive
  • 6. Consensus
    • 6.1. Existing Mechanisms
    • 6.2. Multifactoring
    • 6.3. Advantages
    • 6.4. The Process
    • 6.5. Engine
    • 6.6. Metadata
    • 6.7. Validator Quantification
  • 7. Smart Contract
    • 7.1. Integration
    • 7.2. EVM Compatibility
  • 8. Data Storage
    • 8.1. Issues
    • 8.2. Arcology Storage solution
  • 9. Parallel Merkle Tree
    • 9.1. Tree Structure
    • 9.2. Manipulation
    • 9.3. Tree Storage
    • 9.4. Proof Retrieval
  • 10. Concurrency Control
    • 10.1. Arcology's Concurrency Solution
    • 10.2. Benefits
    • 10.3. Determinism
    • 10.4. Design Considerations
    • 10.5. Arcology Concurrency Framework
  • 11. Microservice Architecture
  • 12. Network Partitioning
    • 12.1. Sharding
    • 12.2. Self-Organization
  • 13. Conclusion
  • 14. References
  • Legal Disclaimer
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14. References

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Last updated 2 years ago

[1] T. Bergan et al. CoreDet: A compiler and runtime system for deterministic multithreaded execution. In15th ASP-LOS, Mar. 2010

[2] E. D. Berger et al. Grace: Safe multithreaded programming for C/C++. InOOPSLA, Oct. 2009.

[3] H. Cui, J. Wu, and J. Yang. Stable deterministic multi-threading through schedule memoization. In9th OSDI,Oct. 2010.

[4] J. Devietti et al. DMP: Deterministic shared memory mul-tiprocessing. In14th ASPLOS, Mar. 2009.

[5] M. Olszewski, J. Ansel, and S. Amarasinghe. Kendo: Ef-ficient deterministic multithreading in software. In14thASPLOS, Mar. 2009.

[6] Efficient System-Enforced Deterministic Parallelism, Amittai Aviram, Shu-Chun Weng, Sen Hu, and Bryan Ford. Jay Lepreau Best Paper Award, OSDI 2010.

[7] M. Olszewski et al. Kendo: Efficient Deterministic Mul-tithreading in Software. InASPLOS ’09, 2009.

[8] Sergey, I., Hobor, A.: A concurrent perspective on smart contracts. arXiv preprint arXiv:1702.05511. 2017

[9] M. D. Allen, S. Sridharan, and G. S. Sohi. Serialization sets: A dynamic dependence-based parallel execution model. InProc. Symp. on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming, 2009.

[10] R. Bocchino et al. Parallel programming must be deterministic by default. InProc. 1st Workshop on Hot Topics in Parallelism, 2009.

[11]Yossi Gilad, Rotem Hemo, Silvio Micali, Georgios Vlachos, and Nickolai Zeldovich. Algorand: Scaling byzantine agreements for cryptocurrencies. In Proceedings of the 26th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, SOSP’17, pages 51–68, New York, NY, USA, 2017. ACM.

[12] Vitalik Buterin and Virgil Griffith. Casper the friendly finality gadget.CoRR, abs/1710.09437, 2017

[13] P. Robinson, D. Hyland-Wood, R. Saltini, S. Johnson,and J. Brainard. Atomic crosschain transactions for Ethereum private sidechains. Technical report, University of Queensland, 2019.

[14]Peter Robinson, David Hyland-Wood, Roberto Saltini, San-dra Johnson, and John Brainard. 2019. Atomic Crosschain Transactions for Ethereum Private Sidechains. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.12079.

[15]S. Johnson, P. Robinson, and J. Brainard, “Sidechains and interoperability,” 2019. [Online]. Available:

[16]V. Buterin, “Cross-shard contract yanking,” 2018. [Online]. Available:

[17] T. Liu and E. D. Berger, “DTHREADS : Efficient Deterministic Multithreading,” in In Proceedings of the Twenty-Third ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP’11), 2011, pp. 327–336.

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.04077.pdf
https://ethresear.ch/t/cross-shard-contract-yanking/1450